Direttore: Furia Valori
Vice Direttore e Resp. del Comitato Scientifico: Marco Casucci
Comitato Scientifico: Daniel Arasa, Mariano Bianca, Marco Casucci, Luigi Cimmino, Gianfranco Dalmasso, Markus Krienke, Massimiliano Marianelli, Letterio Mauro, Edoardo Mirri (+), Marco Moschini, Giuseppe Nicolaci, Paolo Piccari, Silvano Zucal, Martino Bozza
Redazione segreteria editoriale: Marco Casucci, Samy Abu Eideh, Pavao Žitko, Francesco Porchia.
La storia e i suoi livelli. Il Pensare N. 14/2025
Abstract
La storia e i suoi livelli: tra trascendenza e immanenza, modelli di esperienza dell’umano.
Marco Casucci - Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italia
Dopo aver affrontato il tema della natura il presente numero de «Il Pensare» si sposta decisamente sul mondo umano con un’attenzione tutta particolare alla storia e ai suoi livelli. Cosa si è voluto intendere con la definizione di questo tema è legato ad una dinamica che emerge fondamentalmente nello scorso secolo ma che ha i suoi presupposti in quel passaggio fondamentale dalla modernità a quella fase estremamente articolata che è la ripresa del tema dell’origine che si staglia sui margini di una filosofia del senso “compiuto” quale era stato l’idealismo tedesco, ed in particolare quello hegeliano. Parlare di livelli della storia significa quindi riprendere quella tensione fondamentale che già Agostino aveva messo in luce mostrando la ratio nella sua articolazione plurilivellare (superior e inferior) con la relativa scoperta di tempi e di storie che si muovono in maniera altrettanto parallela indicando modi di darsi differenti dell’umano nel suo rapporto fallito o riuscito con la trascendenza e con il divino. A partire da questa distinzione si proporrà con Schopenhauer e Nietzsche quella svalutazione del sapere storico proprio a partire dal recupero di un senso platonico dell’eternità nella sua distinzione radicale dal tempo inteso come mera successione di istanti che implodono in sé stessi, nullificandosi. In Schopenhauer in particolare questa prospettiva si farà particolarmente significativa, andando ad intercettare l’agostinismo sul lato della distentio che, impossibilitata ad un suo raccoglimento definitivo nell’eterno sotto il segno di una teologicità del pensare, sempre presente sottotraccia ma oramai smarrita nella sua capacità di esplicitarsi in maniera diretta, si definirà nella ripresa del famoso dramma calderoniano per cui la vida es sueño. È così possibile cogliere nella concezione schopenhaueriana del tempo tutto il portato dissolutore proprio della distentio agostiniana potenziato ulteriormente dalla già affermata impossibilità kantiana di cogliere l’anima come luogo privilegiato per le operazioni di analisi delle dinamiche temporali. È così che la nullità del tempo in cui il presente non è altro che un punto inesteso tra il non La storia e i suoi livelli Marco Casucci Il Pensare – Rivista di Filosofia ¨ ISSN 2280-8566 ¨ www.ilpensare.net ¨ Anno XIII, n. 14, 2025
History and its Levels: Between Transcendence and Immanence, Models of Human Experience
After addressing the theme of nature, this issue of «Il Pensare» shifts decisively toward the human world, with a specific focus on history and its levels. What was intended by the definition of this theme is linked to a dynamic that fundamentally emerged during the last century, but which has its prerequisites in that crucial transition from modernity to that extremely articulated phase: the revival of the theme of origin. This stands out on the margins of a philosophy of "fulfilled" sense, such as German Idealism had been, and particularly the Hegelian one.
Speaking of levels of history therefore means returning to that fundamental tension that Augustine had already highlighted, showing ratio in its multi-level articulation (superior and inferior), with the relative discovery of times and histories that move in an equally parallel manner, indicating different ways of the human condition in its failed or successful relationship with transcendence and the divine.
Starting from this distinction, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche would propose a devaluation of historical knowledge, precisely by recovering a Platonic sense of eternity in its radical distinction from time, understood as a mere succession of moments that implode into themselves, nullifying each other. In Schopenhauer particularly, this perspective becomes highly significant, intercepting Augustinianism on the side of the distentio. This distentio, unable to find a definitive gathering into the eternal under the sign of a theology of thought—always present beneath the surface but by now lost in its capacity to express itself directly—finds its definition in the revival of Calderón's famous drama, la vida es sueño (life is a dream).
It is thus possible to grasp, within Schopenhauer’s conception of time, the entire dissolving impact characteristic of the Augustinian distentio, further amplified by the already established Kantian impossibility of grasping the soul as a privileged locus for analyzing temporal dynamics. It is in this way that the nothingness of time—in which the present is nothing more than an unextended point between the non-existence of the past and the future...
History and its Levels
Marco Casucci
«Il Pensare» – Rivista di Filosofia · ISSN 2280-8566 · www.ilpensare.net · Year XIII, n. 14, 2025
Contributi
La storia da una prospettiva personalista. Note sulla riflessione di Luigi Stefanini sul significato del sapere storico
Martino Bozza - Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italia
History from a Personalist Perspective. Notes on Luigi Stefanini’s Reflection on the Meaning of Historical Knowledge Luigi Stefanini presents a reflection on the meaning of history from a personalist perspective. The peculiarity of this system of thought lies in the fact that history is framed in a relationship of subordination to the spiritual activity of the individual. Starting from this theoretical framework, the questions that arise concern the relationship between history and philosophy: from Stefanini's point of view, it is not possible to think of historical knowledge without the decisive contribution of philosophy, since historical reconstruction is a fundamentally philosophical process. The other major question that arises concerns the meaning and significance of history. Here too, it is through philosophy and the personalist approach that we can find a way to answer such a significant question.
Keywords: Personalism; History; Meaning; Time.
Scarica l'articoloLa duplicità della storia come duplicità della coscienza. La dottrina della storia sacra in Teodorico Moretti-Costanzi
Federico Brutti
“The Duality of History as the Duality of Consciousness: The Doctrine of Sacred History in Teodorico Moretti-Costanzi This contribution aims to offer an overview of Teodorico Moretti-Costanzi's thought regarding history and its qualitative levels. In particular, it seeks to focus attention on the fundamental distinction, proposed by the Umbrian philosopher, between impersonal history – external and objectifying, built around the occurrence of empirical events – and sacred history, which is instead founded on the uniqueness of the person capable of rising to the «wise experience», an intimately lived experience of Christianity. This theme constitutes a red thread throughout Moretti’s meditation, from the appendix to La filosofia pura to the great recapitulation of his thought, culminating in the foundation of the Christianity-philosophy.
Keywords: Moretti-Costanzi; History; Consciousness; Christianity; Singularity.
Scarica l'articoloAltitudine e storia. Incanto della montagna e misura della sofferenza tra Thomas Mann e Mario Rigoni Stern.
Marco Casucci - Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italia
Altitude and History. The Enchantment of the Mountain and the Measure of Suffering in Thomas Mann and Mario Rigoni Stern. One may well ask why a scholar of philosophy should turn to two authors so distant from one another, not only in terms of literary tradition, but also of social origin: on the one hand, the scion of a wealthy merchant family belonging to the commercial oligarchy of Lübeck; on the other, a former cadastral clerk from Asiago, onetime Sergeant Major of the Alpine troops, native of a remote mountain village. The figure of the mountain as presented by Mann does not, in fact, carry the positive value one might too readily assign to it on the basis of the suggestive power the term “enchantment” most readily evokes in Italian translation. On the contrary, it signals a peril bound to the estranging power of altitude, a power that marks the dramatic limits of the philosophical and sapiential itineraries undertaken by the two “darlings” of the German writer: Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. The present study sets out from the texture of Mann’s novel, examining the “altitudes” inhabited by these two thinkers in order to initiate a dialogue aimed at showing that altitude itself need not be solely a cause of the loss of “good”, but may above all constitute a space for the substantial recovery of the self and of the person, a recovery such as one may encounter in an inhabitant of the “high lands” like Mario Rigoni Stern.
Keywords: Altitude; History; Time; Eternity; Mann; Rigoni Stern; Heidegger; Levi; Celan.
Scarica l'articoloStoria, filosofia ed etica nel pensiero frammentario di Ágnes Heller.
Paola Chiatti - SFI Sezione Perugia, Italia
History, Philosophy, and Ethics in Ágnes Heller's Fragmentary Thinking. This paper arises from my interest in Ágnes Heller, an intellettual and witness to the tragic events of the twentieth century. In particular, I focus on the relationship between the present and the history of a Europe with an ambiguous face, and then highlight how the philosopher reflected on the relevance of historical consciousness, developed through a theory and philosophy of history that, far from unitary and totalizing visions, emphasized the centrality of the individual and his or her responsible choice in fostering collective action against the horrors of the world. Heller’s concern with “lived history” is closely linked to her stylistic preference for the fragment.
Keywords: Ágnes Heller; Theory of History; Philosophy of History; Fragments; Europe; Planetary Responsibility; Choice; Bet.
Scarica l'articoloAugusto Del Noce as a foundation for an ontology of desecularisation.
Simon Francesco Di Rupo – Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italia
This paper examines Augusto Del Noce’s Notes on Western Irreligion (1963), focusing on his distinction between atheism and irreligion as a foundation for an ontology of desecularisation. Atheism denies God while preserving the conceptual space in which transcendence remains intelligible; irreligion collapses that space, rendering the divine unintelligible and flattening historical temporality. Del Noce identifies two levels of historicity—one open to metaphysical meaning, the other closed to it—and traces their roots in modern rationalism, empiricism, and technical culture. This distinction provides the basis for reopening the conceptual conditions in which transcendence can be thought.
Keywords: Blumenberg; Symbolic forms; Cave; Natural adaptation; Existential angst.
Scarica l'articoloCo-esistenza e simultaneità. La storia finita in Jean-Luc Nancy.
Francesco Menichetti
Coexistence and Simultaneity: Finite History in Jean-Luc Nancy. Can history still be thought after the collapse of Western metaphysics? This paper reads Jean-Luc Nancy’s “finite history” as the displacement of history from teleology, origin, and foundational sense toward the exposed co-existence of bodies. Against the metaphysical ambition to secure meaning from an arché or a telos, Nancy proposes an aetiological and ateleological posture in which history is no longer primarily temporal succession but the happening of being-in-common. “We, now” names the spaced heterogeneity of time itself, the simultaneous co-presence of singularities irreducible to any grand narrative. Finite history thus becomes an opening of sense through shared exposure.
Keywords: Jean-Luc Nancy; History; Co-existence; Simultaneity; Being-in-common; Exposure.
Scarica l'articoloLa perenne ricerca del filosofare. Karl Jaspers e il compito di una storia mondiale della filosofia.
Marco Viscomi – Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italia
The Perennial Quest for Philosophy: Karl Jaspers and the Task of a World History of Philosophy. Beyond the collection of chronicle’s data, history is committed to determining the overall meaning of events. It is impossible to conduct historical inquiry without understanding that any interpretation of historical facts presupposes a general vision of reality. Aware of this, Karl Jaspers attempts to establish a universal vision of history. Avoiding the risks of historicism and idealism, the philosopher proposes the understanding of a world history of thought, capable of accounting for the very roots of every historical fact. The world history of philosophy outlined by Jaspers thus represents a speculation on the comprehensive and universal nature of historical research as such.
Keywords: Hesiod; Work; Objects; Cultur.
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